CEN addresses some of the root causes of poverty, such as building basic skills and changing attitudes, instead of purely the symptoms, and so it takes time for these changes to demonstrate themselves in the form of large income gains, reduced migration, improved health and a better education. Progress, particularly during the early stages of our work, can best be measured in qualitative term; through a change in behavior and attitudes. Tangible progress is expected to accelerate during the next phase of the cCLEAR, when we focus on helping participants apply what they've learned to larger, more complex projects and problems. Even so, we are seeing real changes with the individuals with which we're working in our pilot project. The following are some examples:

ECONOMIC SELF-RELIANCE

Creating new sources of income based within our client communities is vital for all other forms of self-sufficiency and development. Currently, thousands of residents of the Brazilian Amazon, including many of the community's youth, move to the cities each year in search of work opportunities. This trend is stripping the rural communities of important talent and dynamism, as well as contributing to urban overcrowding. Our goal is to help our clients create sustainable, local, economic opportunities.

The number and variety of income generation initiatives has expanded since CEN began working in the region, which has begun to increase the economic self-reliance of the target communities:

• Jewelry - Djalma Lima, an entrepreneur in Suruacá has tripled his income from handmade jewelry since he started to work with CEN. He has also learned invaluable lessons about quality control, gaining market feedback, and organizing production. He is also sharing his know-how with others in his community, including a new bakery and a barber.

• Rubber Products - Despite suffering organizational setbacks in Mid 2008, Couro Ecologica, a community-organized producer of women's purses made from local rubber latex, it is again on the path to sustainability. In August 2008, CEN organized a team from Wharton Business School to identify operational and marketing needs. Starting in June 2009, we expect to begin selling the bags in the US from our website.

• Other products -. The production of products by cCLEAR participants, including raising chickens, tourism, woodworking and others has expended and entrepreneurs are finding new markets for their products and their skills. For example among the lessons Allison Alves Caetano, a woodworker from Suruacá learned while participating in cCLEAR is that he can use his skills to make smaller wood pieces, overcoming his struggle transporting large furniture to markets in the nearby city of Santarém.

Why it's important: These initiatives are a positive step toward the goal of economic self-reliance. They are providing badly needed income for families in the communities we serve, and create an environment of self-determination. These are vital steps in fostering sustainable development.

• Entrepreneurs in the communities are managing their resources better. For example, Magarete Lima has increased her profits by learning to produce only as much bread as she's likely to sell. Luciene Sousa dos Santos was unable to save money to build her business but has effectively learned how to build her savings by putting money aside before she spends it, and keeping a ledger. Most of the participants who have sewing projects have a much stronger control over their raw cloth and other materials after learning to create an inventory.

Why it's important: Managing financial and other resources more effectively is a prerequisite for building a sustainable business.

• A group from Suruacá successfully raised nearly US$11,000 in savings to use for income producing activities. CEN worked with members of the savings group to evaluate the economic feasibility of using the savings to collectively purchase a boat. They ultimately purchased the boar and now it use to transport passengers and freight to the city, as well as around the region.

Why it's important: Not only did the community improve transportation between Suruacá, neighboring communities and the city of Santarém, which is the primary market for many goods made in Suruacá, but they also learned how to critically evaluate to the economic feasibility of a proposal, and to create a rudimentary business plan. Furthermore, the fact that they successfully raised such a large sum of money demonstrates the feasibility of establishing a community rotating saving plan in the future. (Which is planned as a component of Phase 2 of CEN's cCLEAR program)

• The telecenters in our client communities are much closer to becoming financially self-sustaining, charging for certain services such as the renewal of the CPF (national ID card).

Why it's important: The goal of the CEN is to help our clients gain the ability to become self-reliant and achieve development on their own terms. The telecenters are a vital part of creating the environment and resources to achieve this. However, these too must become financially self-sustaining if we hope to achieve our goals. The revenues from the CPF renewal programs offer a way for the telecenters to get the income they need, while still providing valuable and affordable services to the community. Without a current CPF, residents don't qualify for many government programs. Renewing the CPF online saves the significant time and expense of going into the city and waiting in line for renewal. CEN's client communities benefit from the self-sufficiency of the telecenters and the services they provide.

EDUCATION

Aside from tangible improvements in standard of living, the most important tool for these communities is education. Education is vital to tackling many of the dilemmas that areas like rural Brazil are facing today. With better access to educational resources, the power to become self-reliant becomes more viable. By delivering our clients the necessary educational infrastructure, support, and resources, CEN hopes to help establish an environment of opportunity in these often overlooked communities.

These are a few of the impacts that CEN has made in the area of education in our target communities:

• CEN has coordinated with Seattle-based Teachers without Borders to improve teaching quality in communities. The teachers in the community have already begun to see the advantages that the new communications infrastructure provides. Our partner in Brazil, Link Social, will be carrying out a full-pilot of the Brazilian Certificate of Teacher's Mastery Program in 2009.

Why it's important: With easier lines of communication available, there is an opportunity to share and coordinate lesson plans in a substantive way. Additionally, TWB is utilizing online instruction to help instruct their teachers in collaborative learning and problem-solving techniques. CEN has also fully integrated educational software into the curriculum in Maguari, and is in the process of doing so in Suruacá. These programs help students develop skills in areas such as spelling, vocabulary, math, as well as provide vital health education on issues such as sexually transmitted diseases like HIV.

• In the community of Suruacá, we have established an English class to provide important language education. Meeting three times a week, the class currently has thirty students, or six groups of five students each. Using the Rosetta Stone software program, these groups of students are learning English skills and utilizing the computers of the telecenter to complete their activities.

Why it's important: As these communities gain access to the internet and the global economy through the telecenter and other initiatives, English language skills can be vital in bridging the gap between these isolated communities and the rest of the world. While the program is up and running in Suruacá, a program for the community of Maguari has received and installed the software and is under development.

• After years of pushing the Brazilian Department of Education, the schools in both Maguary and Suruacá are now teaching 7 full grades. A new school was constructed in Suruacá, which has four classrooms, a faculty room, an administrative office, as well as the running water and better ventilation.

Why it's important: Until 2005, students in these areas only received four grades. Alternatives for the youth of the communities, such as studying in other cities where more education was available, are beyond the financial means of most families. Many of those who left to study elsewhere never returned home to help their communities. Today, however, there is no need for students to leave their homes to pursue their basic education.

• The new school in Suruacá is indeed an improvement from the previous structure. The old school consisted of two hot and small classrooms, which were often unclean and covered in bat feces. Classes were staggered, and school activities, resources, and facilities were staged in other buildings all over the community. This new facility will allow the youth of the community to receive their education in a comfortable and clean environment.

While CEN cannot take full responsibility for this success, the building of the telecenters, no doubt, brought the needed public attention to the area, as well as considerable political pressure.

COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP

CEN is attempting to foster an environment of empowerment in our target communities. Coordination between the communities is a vital step toward this goal. The people best qualified to address the issues facing these communities are those who live there. As such, facilitating easier communication, coordination, and collaboration between these populations is one of CEN's main objectives.

These are a few of the impacts that CEN has made in the area of community coordination:

• Creation of Rede Amazônia (the Amazon Network), an online and off-line network for collaboration between rural communities. Activities have included introducing individuals with similar interests over e-mail and Skype, and organizing a community exchange between Xixuau and the other communities. The community of Xixuau, which has a very active eco-tourism initiative of its own, is also planning to organize a workshop which delegations from Suruacá and Maguary are expected to attend.

Why it's important: The communities we serve have the resources to coordinate with one another because of programs like Rede Amazônia. The results of these activities have been important sharing of ideas on a number of issues, including: health initiatives, controlling bat infestations, garbage disposal, an anti-smoking initiative, hog raising, and eco-tourism. The impact of Rede will increase exponentially as more communities are expected join it.

• Suruacá put on a community chat to discuss the potential effects of eco-tourism on the community and if they want to promote such tourism. One of the monitors from Maguary, which is more heavily touristed, helped lead the discussions.

Why it's important: Eco-tourism is one possible way that our client communities can create new economic opportunities. However, for this and all similar initiatives, community input and coordination is crucial. As result of the discussion, the residents of Suruacá now have a better idea of what they need to research to make an informed decision. Suruacá will organize and lead additional discussions on the subject in the future.

• The communities have coordinated health information sharing and outreach programs covering HIV and Sexually-Transmitted Diseases (STDs).

Why it's important: CEN has coached the Community Health Agent in Suruacá, Djalma Lima, to organize and facilitate a community palestra (training and discussion) on HIV and STDs. This was one of the first (if not the first) palestra researched, organized, and held by the community rather than depending on NGO's or the Brazilian government. Since the original palestra, the Djalma has gone on to facilitate and speak at a number of other palestras in nearby communities.The Djalma has also been using Infocentro Communitario, an online community information portal developed by CEN, to research and advise residents on a variety of ailments, including STD's, back problems, and breast cancer.

See Also

CEN's Plans for 2009